Saturday, January 25, 2020
Photopolymers for Tissue Engineering Purposes
Photopolymers for Tissue Engineering Purposes DISCUSSSION    Tissue Engineering offers the potential to grow the cartilage in a precise shape and requires minimal operative time. In most of the preliminary studies, a prefabricated mold is used to grow the chondrocytes and obtain a tissue-engineered cartilage. However using the mold techniques is time consuming, does not provide an aesthetic framework for growing the cartilage and there is an uneven growth of cartilage tissue over the framework. 3D CAD manufacturing provides an alternative technique whereby one can accurately fabricate an ear shaped scaffold similar to the normal ear. Approach in scaffold design must be able to create porous structures to attain desired mechanical properties and to produce these structures within arbitrary and complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomical shapes. Material chemistry along with fabrication technique determines the properties that a scaffold can achieve and how cells interact with the scaffold .There are many techniques which are used in additive manufacturing like Stereolithography, Fused deposit modeling, selective laser sintering. Stereolithography exhibits the capability to control the spatial organization of multicellular material compositions with precise porous structures and defined shape according to patient obtained from any medical imaging modality data. In this study, we accomplished stereolithographic fabrication of hybrid scaffolds using visible light excitation by using a commercially available low cost 3D printer. The scaffolds fabricated as such will be suitable as a photo curable material that could offer an ideal environment suitable for cell growth and provide the mechanical support for the regenerative process. The table shows current studies that have made use of photo curable biomaterial that can be used for tissue engineering process.  Figure 6.1 Current studies involving photopolymers for tissue engineering purposes      As explained in the above table there are many studies, which use biodegradable polymers that can be fabricated using the stereolithography technique. However, in most of these studies there are no such combinations of natural and synthetic polymers. Also in many studies, the material has been cross-linked in the lab by using a light source or by a modified/custom made 3D printer. For this study, we decided to use a low cost and a commercially available 3D printer (Formlabs Form 1+) and natural and synthetic available polymers without making any modifications.       PEG is one of the most commonly used synthetic photo polymers for tissue engineering applications. For photo polymerization process the end group of PEG are modified into methacrylates, di acrylates, fumarates,vinyl esters etc and used for the polymerization. The reactivity of vinyl monomers towards free-radical chain polymerization follows this sequence: acrylate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… >à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… vinyl ester ∠¼ vinyl carbonate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… >à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… methacrylate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… >à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… fumarate. Due to the high reactivity rate we have decided to make use of acrylated PEG. Acrylated PEG enables photo polymerization with variable mechanical properties, but by itself, PEG cannot provide an ideal environment for cell growth despite having possessing properties like nontoxicity, low protein adhesion, and nonimmunogenicity. Also PEG does not possess the ability to degrade by itself.      When it comes to biocompatibility issues, natural polymers are generally thought to be advantageous over synthetic hydrogels since natural gels may offer biological property to surrounding cells. Most naturally-derived polymers are either components of natural ECM or provide similar properties that can mimic the ECM properties. One such natural, biocompatible,and biodegradable polymer used to generate hybrid hydrogels is chitosan, an N-deacetylated derivative of the polysaccharide chitin. Although there is a study that shows the photopolymerization of oligomeric chitosan with PEGDA polymeric chitosan has not been successfully polymerized with PEGDA. Chitosan is structurally similar to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found in cartilage and is degradable by enzymes in humans. The objective of the study was to get a hybrid copolymer of Chitosan and PEGD which can be 3D printed by stereolithography.        To create the resin we dissolved the chitosan in acetic acid. The acetate anions deprotonate the primary amino groups of chitosan. So it became necessary to dialyze the chitosan solution in a strong basic group solution like a sodium acetate. Dialysis of chitosan solutions in sodium acetate partially neutralizes the protonated primary amino groups. Such partial de-protonation of chitosan enabled mixing of photo initiators for polymerization of PEGDA without quenching the radicals formed by protonated amino groups. Because of the high degree of crosslinking of short chain PEGDA, caused by a higher concentration diacrylate groups compared to long chain PEGDA a commercially available PEGDA 575 was used. In absence of Chitosan the minimum concentration required to create the printable resin was 30% (w/v) . However as shown in table the amount of PEGDA using Chitosan was reduced from 30% to 6-9 % . Once the printable formulation was obtained it was necessary to test the mechanical and cellular properties of these scaffolds. Schematic of cross linked hydrogel with mesh size and crosslinking distance When a hydrogel is kept in the solvent the solvent molecules try to enter inside by the capillary action. As more molecules enter the hydrogel the mesh size à ¯Ã‚  ¸ increases and more of the solvent is absorbed. However, the swelling is not a continuous process and when the capillary forces balances the elastic forces of the network the equilibrium is reached.                                              à ¯Ã‚  ¸Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Q1/3 * (ÃŽ ³2)1/2 where Q =swelling ratio and   Î ³ = distance between two crosslinking points. As evident from the figure and the equation there is a direct relation between the swelling ratio and mesh size. As the amount of the PEGDA concentration increases, the degree of the crosslinking has increased. Highly cross-linked hydrogels will have a tighter structure, and will swell less compared to the same hydrogels with lower crosslinking ratios. Crosslinking hinders the mobility of the polymer chain and hence lowers the swelling ratio.   As evident from Fig the mechanical modulus of the hydrogel was inversely related to the swelling ratio. As the ratio of PEGDA increased from 5 to 15, the elastic modulus increased by approximately seven times in both LMWC and HMWC Chitosan. As the swelling ratio decreases the increased resistance of the hydrogel contributes to the increase in Youngs modulus. Diluted PEGDA, without chitosan, at 30% (w/v) had the highest stiffness with a compression modulus of 1125  ± 68.05 kPa (Mean  ± SD). It was observed that the gel was capable of recovering to its original length following even with a 50% strain deformation.It is evident that increasing the ratio of the initiator will increase the crosslinking density which will reduce the mesh size and in turn increase the modulus of the hydrogel.As evident from the swelling ratio the hybrid hydrogel had a higher swelling ratio than pure PEGDA which led to higher pore size which was proved with the SEM Imaging side
Friday, January 17, 2020
Cramming: Time and Long Term Memory
Universal Vice: Cramming â€Å"Whoops! It's the night before the big exam, and you haven't done a lick of studying all semester. Looking back on it, you know that you should have been hitting the books all those nights you were watching television, but there's nothing you can do about it now. Don't throw in the towel yet, though–it's time to get cramming. †How often do you do this? Most common among high school and college-aged students, cramming is often used as a means of memorizing and the practice of working intensively to absorb large volumes of informational material in short amounts of time.It is a widely-used study skill performed in preparation of an examination or other performance-based assessment. Best stated by H. E. Gorst in his book, The Curse of Education, â€Å"as long as education is synonymous with cramming on an organized plan, it will continue to produce mediocrity. †Students are often forced to cram after improper time utilization or in ef forts to understand information shortly before being tested. Improper time management is usually the cause for last-minute cramming sessions, and many study techniques have been developed to help students succeed in lieu of cramming.Generally considered as a negative study technique, cramming is becoming more and more common among students at the secondary and post-secondary level, not mentioning those who are as young as five years old. Pressure to perform well in the classroom and to engage in extracurricular activities in addition to other responsibilities often results in this kind of study habit, cramming. According to W. G. Sommer, â€Å"students in a university system often adapt to the time-constraints that are placed upon them in college, and often use cramming to perform well on tests†.In his article, Procrastination and Cramming: How Adept Students Ace the System, he states, â€Å"Many students outwardly adapt to this system, however, engage in an intense and priv ate ritual that comprises five aspects: calculated procrastination, preparatory anxiety, climactic cramming, nick-of-time deadline-making, and a secret, if often uncelebrated, victory. These adept students often find it difficult to admit others into their efficient program of academic survival. †Students have crammed for decades. What most of us don’t know is how many use this study strategy.The lit review in the article references a collection of studies that puts the percentage somewhere between 25 and 50. In this research sample, 45 percent were on the agree side of a scale that measured the extent of cramming. These are some of the very pragmatic questions explored empirically by the researchers: How widespread is cramming among students? Do students think cramming is an effective study strategy? Does cramming work, as in how does it affect course grades? And the really bottom line questions: How effective is cramming in the long run?What’s the impact on le arning and retention? Czarina Isabel F. de Leon, a freshman college student of University of the Philippines – Diliman states, â€Å"I believe that many students cram all the time. Maybe, this is due to lack of knowledge with regards to time management and discipline. But honestly speaking, I can say that cramming helps me in some way. I don’t know if it’s just me who feels that cramming stimulates my brain cells more. It seems like I am able to formulate more ideas and to absorb more information whenever I cram for some of my school works and tests.In spite of this, I don’t think that cramming has affected my grades that much because there are so many factors that can influence class marks. If I were to choose from cramming and not cramming, I would definitely choose the latter. This is because I know for a fact that if I wouldn’t cram, I’m sure that my work is clearly done and not just scrapped from somewhere. I do believe that cramming p roduces risky works, in such a way that a person who crams is not sure whether he did his job well or not. Perhaps the question that most needs addressing is this one: How come some exams can be mastered so successfully by students who’ve prepared by cramming? You might think it’s just a problem with multiple-choice exams. Not so. In this study and others, the amount of cramming students reported was not a function of exam type. Are teachers testing too much recall on their exams? It might be interesting to go through an exam and see how many questions can be answered with material you could memorize but not understand at all or well.Cramming is often discouraged by educators because the hurried coverage of material tends to result in poor long-term retention of material. In a 2007 study conducted by University of South Florida psychologist Doug Rohrer, it was determined that last minute studying reduces retention of material and may hinder the learning process in the long term. There is a biological reason for this. The problem is that cramming information places it into our brains in short term storage. This is where you put everyday information that is not really worth remembering.In order to learn we have to transfer information into long term memory. Once there, you can retrieve it far easier over a longer period of time. All information are processed in the brain and stored in short term memory. The problem is that these information sort of overloads the brain and are not kept for very long. Can you remember every single event that happened to you in a given day? Think of the literal thousands of bits of information you are exposed to every day. It's not necessary to remember it all, so the brain dumps it after a time.Can you remember what you had for breakfast the day before yesterday? What shirt you wore? How much lunch cost? How many steps there are in preparing for exams? No. What makes you think you will remember some factoid from clas s that you never heard of before? Sure you may remember it for a day or two, but that's it. Only when you make an effort to remember something repeatedly do you transfer that information into the other kind of memory, long term memory. Cramming fails because you’re relying on short term memory.In spite of these facts, cramming will always be an option for those who need to accomplish a large amount of task in a short period of time. Like any other vices, cramming can be very addictive and may supply us what we need for now, but we may not benefit from it for a long period of time. Since it is continuously done by most of us nowadays, not only by students but also by some adults as well, avoiding it will be very difficult for all of us. It’s like a universal vice that most of us used to live with and it can be applicable for everyone.Cramming is a vice that will forever be present in this world – it may be lessened but will never be eradicated, especially for stu dents like me. â€Å"While cramming probably won't get you an â€Å"A,†it can definitely save you from an â€Å"F. †So suck it up and get ready for a long, hard night. And vow to be a better student from now on. †Works Cited: â€Å"Cramming (education) -. †Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. . Pangilinan, Candy. â€Å"Candidly  » Cramming and homecoming. †PEP. ph: The Number One Site for Philippine Showbiz | Home. 2 Dec. 2007. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. . â€Å"How to Cram for a Test – wikiHow. †WikiHow – The How-to Manual That You Can Edit. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. . Weimer, Maryellen. â€Å"Key Questions about Cramming  «. †Teaching Professor. 02 Dec. 2008. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. . â€Å"Cramming – Definition of cramming at YourDictionary. com. †Dictionary Definitions, Sentence Examples, Synonyms and More. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. . â€Å"Cram – Definition of cram verb (LEARN) from Cambr idge Dictionary Online: Free English Dictionary and Thesaurus. Cambridge Dictionary Online: Free English Dictionary and Thesaurus – Cambridge University Press – Cambridge Dictionaries Online – Cambridge University Press. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. . Handy, Edna Wells. â€Å"Why Students Fail. †Autoredirect to main site. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. . â€Å"The dangers of cramming for exams. †PSU BMB. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. . Weinberg, Tamar. â€Å"How to Cram for Exams – How To – Lifehacker. †Lifehacker, tips and downloads for getting things done. 02 Mar. 2008. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. . de Leon, Czarina Isabel . Personal Interview. 14 October 2009.
Thursday, January 9, 2020
Crickets and Their Reaction to Different Stimuli, Light,...
CRICKETS AND THEIR REACTION TO DIFFERENT STIMULI, LIGHT, SOUND, AND TOUCH Introduction According to Dorothea Kohstall-Schnell and Heribert Gras, Nicklaus, R found in his study most insects have fine hairs and/ or other structures for detecting movement such as wind and sound. (Activity of Giant Interneurones and other Wind-Sensitive Elements of the Terminal Ganglion in the Walking Cricket. Kohstall-Schnell, D. Gras, H. 1994).The cricket is equipped with these hair sensory structures. According to Dorothea Kohstall-Schnell and Heribert Gras, Palka, J. and Olberg, R found these structures trigger sensory cells and the message then passes through neurons to reach the terminal ganglion. (Activity of Giant Interneurones and other†¦show more content†¦There will also be a control group, a set of crickets in the same environment with the same stimuli, just not on ice. Once the cricket’s soil has reached 53.6 degrees Fahrenheit, measured with a thermometer, the first stimuli, light, is brought in. Light will be flashed on/ off with strobe light on high of the phone flashlight for 45 sec. Then record how many times the crickets jump, and rate their movement on a scale of 1-5. This rating is done collaboratively and decided upon as a group. The crickets will then sit for 2 more minutes without a stimulus. Once the two minutes is up the first and second stimuli will be used. The flash light and a noise (alarm sound on phone on high), these two stimuli will be present for 45seconds. Then record how many times the crickets jump as a whole, and rate their movement on a scale of 1-5.The crickets will then again sit for 2 minutes without stimuli. Lastly bring in all 3 stimuli. Throughout the 45 seconds the crickets will be presented with flashing light, sound, and motion (wind from a fan turned on its highest notch). Then record how many times the crickets jump as a whole, and rate their movements on a scale of 1-5.This experiment is also done to a group that was not on ice. These crickets were kept at a room temperature of 71.6 degrees Fahrenh eit; measuring this with a thermometer; after going through this procedure with the iced and non-iced group of crickets 3 times. The iced and non-icedShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Motivation16686 Words  | 67 Pagesable to put her legs on ground and she would no more be able to walk and run like normal person. Her dream to be fastest lady on earth seemed to be fading away and then a magic turned everything upside-down. Sachin Tendulkar was once told to quit cricket,but today we hardly know about this story simply because Tendulkar is itself the name of success . We all know about Thomas Alva Edison as a great scientist but we hardly know about his story of failures. Every successful person had a bad patchRead MoreMarketing Principle Quiz20161 Words  | 81 Pagesgrowth, cost controls and wise investment of resources. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020
Analysis Of Movie Rain Man By Barry Morrow And Ronald Bass
â€Å"246 Toothpicks†Whitt Johnson Denver School of Nursing â€Å"246 Toothpicks†According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), it is estimated that one in 68 children are affected with autism spectrum disorder (Baio, 2010). Children diagnosed with this disorder eventually grow into adults who need similar care and attention they required earlier in life. The focus of this paper is the 1988 movie â€Å"Rain Man†, a story written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass, directed by Berry Levinson, cast played by Dustin Hoffman as Raymond Babbitt â€Å"Rain man†and Tom Cruse as brother, Charlie Babbitt. The National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Autism Spectrum Disorder Fact Sheet, 2015) state that autism â€Å"refers to a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior and difficulties with social communication†. Savant autism is a rare and extraordinary form of autism characterized by deep, thorough knowledg e of one particular subject or area of interest. Our character, Raymond Babbitt, is one of those rare savant autistic individuals. Raymond Babbitt, a now 57 year old male with an impeccable memory, lacks the skills to connect socially has been living with being an â€Å"idiot savant†or a â€Å"high functioning autistic savant†(Rain Man, 1988) all his life. He has been institutionalized at Walbrook Institute since a young age. Dr. Brunner, Raymond’s doctor, states to Charlie early in the movie, â€Å"routines andShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words  | 1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics
Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Social Networking Can Impair Communication and Identity Essay
In today’s society not only are we obsessed with technology, we depend and rely on it daily. Do we, as a society, depend too much on technology? In recent years a phenomena called social networking has really taken off. While there are numerous social networking sites, Facebook is by far the largest and most popular. Facebook has more than 1 billion active users and the average user has 130 friends (Statistics). Have Facebook, Twitter, and other social networking sites gotten out of hand? While some people may believe social networking has positive effects on humans, it in fact has negatively altered the way we communicate, our identities, and even our health. Communication is a complex process that involves seven components:†¦show more content†¦The environment in which you talk to your friends plays an enormous part in communication. While some people tell their friends that they will â€Å"see them on Facebook later,†no physical interaction has taken place. Telling someone information on a social networking site is much different from telling them in a physical location. Similarly to feedback, location plays a key role on how the message is interpreted (Guerva). For an instance, remember back to my previous example in which you wanted to tell a dear friend that you have been diagnosed with cancer. By telling them on a social networking site instead of a hospital, for example, they very well could misunderstand your message. While interpretation is a key component in communication, social networking has vastly changed our language and the way we speak. When I started high school texting was becoming â€Å"the next big thing†; social networking is modern society’s â€Å"next big thing†. Why would I bring texting into this paper? Texting left a permanent scar on the English language (Guerva). For instance, think about some of the following acronyms used in texting: LOL, OMG, WTH, JK, and so forth. 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Children acquire electronic games, personal computers, and cell phones at ever-younger ages. â€Å"Surveys indicate that about 82% of children areRead More Social Networks and Social Networking Sites Essay3605 Words  | 15 Pagestechnologically savvy and dependent society with the Internet readily available to many. Convenience and connection are vital to individuals, especially within the United States. Social networking sites have progressed to fit the demanding desires of today’s technological era (Albarran 118). The progression from the first social networking sites, such as Friendster or instant messaging, to the sites used today, such as Facebook and Twitter, has made a significant impact on society. Fifteen years ago it wasRead MoreSocial Media s Impact On Society1260 Words  | 6 Pagesas another form of social media. It had opened a whole new world for people twelve and older; enabling t hem to share and memories, stories, and updates of their lives to their â€Å"followers†. 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Children, tomorrow’s future parents and leaders, are being consumed by the negative effects that technology had on their development (Goessl). The use of modern technology impairs children by weakening social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development. Technology affects social development in children in several different ways. Children acquire electronic games, personal computers, and cell phones at ever-younger ages. â€Å"Surveys indicate that about 82% of children areRead MoreNetwork Security And Management Policy3822 Words  | 16 Pagessecurity and management policy in information technology to maintain the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of a system or network, its information, resources, and its immediate infrastructure. The topics are the overview of Web services, social engineering, system components, architecture, protocols, future security trends, security vulnerabilities programs, the evolution of network security, internet vulnerabilities, online security and the protection of civil rights, practical attacksRead MoreUse and Abuse of Computers5450 Words  | 22 PagesUSE AND ABUSE OF COMPUTERS IN THE WORKPLACE by Bob Gregg Boardman Clark LLP One South Pinckney Street, 4th Floor P. O. Box 927 Madison, WI 53701-0927 Telephone (608) 283-1751 rgregg@boardmanclark.com Our major form of workplace communication is becoming electronic. People do not have faceto-face, oral conversations. Email is taking over. It is fast, efficientâ€â€and dangerous. Employees just rip off an email with far less thought or editing than a letter. The e-system has replaced the break roomRead MoreDistractions When Utilizing a Cellular Phone2575 Words  | 11 PagesDistractions when utilizing a cellular telephone is becoming extremely prevalent in present day. A cell phone is a telephone with access to a cellular radio system so it can be used over a wide area without a physical connection to a network. In 1843, Michael Faraday, studied to see if space could conduct electricity. In the year of 1865, Dr. Mahlon Loomis was the first person to communicate through wireless atmosphere. He came up with the idea of transmitting and receiving messages through atmosphere
Monday, December 16, 2019
Saving Energy Free Essays
As globalization makes the world become smaller, it becomes increasingly easy to see how the lives of people everywhere especially on our OU’s campus synced up with one another. The truth is that every single thing we do every day has an impact on the planetâ€â€good or bad. The good news is that as an individual you have the power to control most of your choices and therefore, the impact you create: from where you live to what you buy, eat and use to light your dorm/apartment, to where and how you travel to classes. We will write a custom essay sample on Saving Energy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today when something is broken, or worn out, it is thrown away. Recycling conserves our natural resources, saves landfills space, conserves energy and reduces water pollution, air pollution and the green house gases emissions that cause global warming. Many may not understand the real benefits of recycling, four things are most important when it comes to recycling including Saving Energy, Reducing Pollution, Saving Natural Resources, and Saving Space. On our college campus, there is almost endless variety of programs, weather academic or administrative, that require information to be collected and stored on a regular basis. These can include admission or job application request and RSVP’S for training events, among others. While all these forms are being used, do people have in mind how many trees they are using and how they can give back to the environment and to the university by daily recycling. There are many ways of recycling and going green on campus. By the end of this paper you’re going to want to live green and recycle for the cost of the earth and you’re on campus environment. Saving Energy is one of the major concerns here on Oakland University campus. After doing some intense research I came to find out that OU’s campus spends over six million dollar a year on heating, cooling, and electricity. Many times students take living on campus for granted and don’t realize how expensive things are, because they don’t have a direct electricity bill. So when you’re in your dorm and leave the television, the light, and your cell phone plugged in you wasting electricity which is causing harm to your campus. One way of saving energy is to simple cut off your laptop, and when you’re not using your phone charger, television, toaster, microwave, and so forth just unplug the appliances and keep in mind it’s for your campus, earth, and not to mention your pockets; when it comes to tuition payments. Another way of saving energy is compact fluorescent light bulbs. They use about seventy five percent less energy than standard incandescent bulbs and last up to 10 times longer. I would recommend that Oakland University adopts saving energy through lighting every dorm, apartment, bathroom, and hallway with compact fluorescent light bulbs. Reducing pollution is the second issue that needs to be addressed on OU’s campus. People go on their everyday daily routine without noticing the environment surround them. I must say Oakland University campus is very clean but there are some underground pollutants that you just don’t see walking to class. However, there are diffidently some changes that can be made by everyone to even better our OU’s community. In order for this school to reduce or eliminate the amount of pollutant and waste it generates, an attitude of â€Å"less is better†should be adopted. All students, teachers, administrative staff, and janitors must ask themselves â€Å"Is there a different way to do this that generates less waste or uses safer materials? †This is the part of recycling that is fun and for everyone to take apart in. First, dispose of all litter in trash cans so that the litter does not get washed into near-by storm sewers. Next, use recycle products on campus as much as possible, such as paper and other environment-friendly products. Water based paints, and non toxic floor and desk cleaner would be good idea to bring forward to the janitor. How to cite Saving Energy, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Effective Changes of Age Care Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Effective Changes of Age Care Company. Answer: Introduction This report reflects the key understanding on the changes in the business organizations which are implemented by the managerial persons with a view to provide best possible care services. Changes and adaption with the organizational and environmental factors are the key intents for the business success. Age Care Company has a vision and mission to provide best care services to senior citizen and other needy people around the globe. However, by adopting enterprises resources planning in its process system, company made effective changes and provide best possible care services. After that, study has been prepared to evaluate the changes and implication of changing strategies of companies with a view to adapt the changes in the process channel by all the staff members in dealing with the manual paper work. Afterward, an effective conclusion has been drawn to put emphasis upon how change adaption of organizational procedure could result to betterment of organization. Present view of organizations Age Care Company has been dedicating to create vibrant communities that celebrates aging and support with dignity Vision Company wants to develop special places and service system in which warm and welcome facilities and other look after services are provided to clients in effective manner. Mission Age care company deliver best quality services and products to its customers around the globe by making effective changes in its value chain activities through creation and innovative strategies with the courteous staffs. Industry specification Age Care Company has been running its business in hospitality industry in which care and quality of services are the major concern for the satisfaction of clients. Forces for changes There are several environmental and economic factors which have forced Age care company to implement change in the value chain activities of organizations such as increasing demand of clients for the best quality services, reducing the hard work of employees by installing electronic method and overcome the paper work problems, establishment of automation in communication and other activities, reducing the overall cost and increasing the quality of services and products in determined approach. These are the very important factors which should be considered by Age care services if it wants to take its business in long run for the sustainable basis. In addition to this, Clients are the prime concern for the company, therefore, value chain activities of company should be changed as per the clients needs and demand in the market by adopting electronic system and cyber supporting process channels (Burke, 2017). Analysis of changes or development in Age Care Company It is observed that company had been facing various problems while delivering products and services as per the clients expectation. With the increasing ramification of economic changes and clients changing demands and needs, Age care company had to adopt enterprises resources planning in its value chain activities with a view to increase the overall quality of goods and services offered to customers and establish proper communication channel with clients and vendors. This newly introduced process establish an online portal and working channel which is used by clients to check and examine the products and services offered by company online (THOMSON, SINGH, 2013). After that by using secure payment options they could easily buy any goods and services they choose from the online available portal (Anderson, et al, 2013). This automation also helps employees to directly communicate with the vendors which will reduce the blockage of funds in holding excess stock and prepare easy and determ ined communication channel. However, adoption of enterprises resources planning firstly in process system had helped Age Care Company to distinguish its business from those of others in market. As per the perception of Elsner, 2013, changes are the necessary for the sustainability of business and provide the effective satisfaction to clients. It is observed that with the changes in economic factors clients are more inclined towards new and innovative products and services. If they do not get what they desire form the company then eventually, it will hamper the sales turnover of company and decrease the overall market share. Therefore, each and every organizations should invest money in their research and development department so that timely innovation and creative strategic plans and process system could be useful to create core competency in the market. Core competency could be defined as method to grab the market share by applying innovative and creative business strategies which cannot be copied by others in the market. This helps organizations products and services distinguish from those of others (Cummings and Worley, 2014). However, the changes in the value chain activities of Age care company has resulted to following benefits such as reduction in overall cost of productions, blockage of funds to keep the minimum stock in the process system, cyber security system connectivity for clients and employees and establishment of online buying and selling portal for the clients and vendors at large. This newly installed enterprises planning has helped company to increase the efficiency of company and establish an effective communication channel for employees, vendors and clients. However employees could reduce the paper work and this online portal will surely increase the effectiveness of work through online portal. (Gattorna, 2015). Assessment of changes Age care company had been facing various business problems in care services providing business to its clients due to tough competition. Therefore, with a view to increase its business efficiency and productivity, company had to install enterprises resources planning system in its value chain activities. This has helped company to establish automation in its various process and establish an effective communication method for employees, vendors and management department and clients (Samuel, 2015). Scope of change This change will require proper level of training and development program for employees so that they could adapt with the changes and advanced technical machines for the betterment of organizations. All the employees will have to indulge in taking proper learning classes and technologies system. Management department will be responsible for determining the impact of this new change and identifying the cost involved and benefits occurred for the organization at large (Anderson, 2016). Number of employees impacted Age Care Company after implementing enterprises resources planning in its value chain activities will eliminate all the manual work and establish automation in all the working activities. Therefore, those employees who are less inclined towards new change will leave the office. In addition to this, if proper level of training and development session is not conduced then it will hamper the productivity and efficiency of business. However, these changes will motivate employees to learn new things and technique which will make them more employable and effective for the business (Sullivan and Gouldson, 2017). Type of change Age Care Company has to eliminate all the manual process system. Company had to install various machines and computers in its value chain activities. For instance, at the selling desk of Age Care Company, all the cash and encrypted transactions take place through online portal. This will not only increase the overall effectiveness but also increase the overall cost of production in initial time period. In addition to this, Age Care Company had to establish proper training and development program for employee to increase their skill set to adapt with the changes. It is also observed that Age Care Company had to make strategic alliance with the other IT Company so that all the technical errors and problems could be managed in easy and determined approach (Fang, Kosev, and Wakeling, 2014). Level of change This implemented change in the business functioning of Age Care Company had been done in all the process department including managerial as well (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). This will provide a clear assessment on the process system of the company by the managerial department person. This level of changes had increased the overall productions and efficiency of business in determined approach. Nonetheless, adoption of enterprises resources planning in the value chain activities of Age Care Company has increased one more process channel. IT department will work as separate process channel in the business hierarchy of the company (Deshmukh and Mohan, 2014). Conclusion In this report, it has been observed that if company wants to run it business on sustainable basis then it should implement proper level of innovative and creative change in its business functioning. Changes and adaption of the same with the organizational and environmental factors are the key intents for the business success. Now in the end it could be inferred that changes made in the organization should be creative and innovative which is hard to copy for others. Employees should be motivated towards changes for the effective sustainable future of organizations. References Anderson, D.L., 2016.Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications. Burke, W.W., 2017.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Deshmukh, A.K. and Mohan, A., 2014, December. AN INTERPRETIVE STRUCTURAL MODELING APPROACH TO DEMAND CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN RETAILING. InPAST CONFERENCES. Elsner, S., 2013.Retail internationalization: Analysis of market entry modes, format transfer and coordination of retail activities. Springer Science Business Media. 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